27, is a programmatic étude for piano composed by Charles-Valentin Alkan in 1844,[1] frequently cited as the first musical representation of a railway.
[6] The only respite from the torrent comes at the coda, in which the note durations lengthen and the piece comes to a close, portraying the train pulling into a station.
[7] The most recurrent criticism of the étude disparages its banal programmatic nature,[3] and it has been rated very poorly compared with Alkan's other compositions.
[10] The piece's historical accuracy has also been questioned, given that it was composed in 1844, a period in railway history when trains seldom travelled faster than 19 mph (30 km/h).
[6] Despite these denigrations, its joyful melody has been celebrated as a forerunner to Arthur Honegger's famous orchestral work, Pacific 231, which also represents a locomotive.