Legal gender

The complexities involved in determining legal gender, despite the seeming simplicity of the underlying principles, highlight the dynamic interaction between biological characteristics, self-identified gender identity, societal norms, and changing legal standards.

As such, a thorough investigation is necessary to fully understand the subject's implications and breadth within a range of legal systems and societies.

[1] The 12th-century Decretum Gratiani states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails".

In 1930, Lili Elbe received sexual reassignment surgery and an ovary transplant and changed her legal gender as female[citation needed].

A few weeks after Lili Elbe had her final surgery including uterus transplant and vaginoplasty.

Immune rejection from transplanted uterus caused her death[citation needed].

In May 1933, the Institute for Sexual Research was attacked by Nazis, losing any surviving records about Richter[citation needed].

Toni Ebel and her partner Charlotte Charlaque, who were both other German sexual reassignment surgery recipients, were forced to separate in 1942 after harassment from their neighbors.

Christine Jorgensen was unable to marry a man because her birth certificate listed her as male.

Some transgender people changed their birth certificates, but the validity of these documents were challenged.

In the United Kingdom, Sir Ewan Forbes' case recognized the process of legal gender change.

legal gender change was not recognized in Corbett v Corbett.The 1969 Stonewall Uprising marked a pivotal moment in the gay rights movement, sparking protests and marches globally and underscoring ongoing discrimination and violence against LGBT individuals.

Trans rights progress in Asia hits barricade of tradition, legal maze.

Transcending the Gender Binary under International Law: Advancing Health-Related Human Rights for Trans* Populations.

Decision-making approaches in transgender healthcare: conceptual analysis and ethical implications.

Law, gender identity, and the uses of human rights: The paradox of recognition in South Asia.

"Japan Passes Law to 'Promote Understanding' of LGBT People | Human Rights Watch".