It comprises 35 legislators, elected in a single multi-member district through proportional representation every four years.

Elections employ the D'Hondt system and a 3% electoral threshold.

The legislature is presided by the Vice Governor of Neuquén (presently Marcos Koopmann of the Neuquén People's Movement), who is elected alongside the governor.

[2] The legislature was established in 1958, when the National Territory of Neuquén became a province of Argentina.

Since the establishment of the province, the regionalist Neuquén People's Movement (MPN) has dominated provincial politics and has been the largest party in the legislature.