Born in Jilemnice, Czechoslovakia, Matějáková received her first violin lessons at the age of five at the primary music school in Prague with Eva Bublová.
From 2007 to 2008 she studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna with Jela Špitková, and from 2008 to 2012 with Jan Pospíchal.
This was followed by Master's studies at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber Dresden with Jörg Faßmann.
Under the direction of Ekkehard Klemm, she performed Benjamin Britten's violin concerto as part of the university symphony concerts in the Semperoper Dresden.
Matějáková is a scholarship holder of the Brücke/Most Foundation [de] and the German Academic Exchange Service.