Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov (Russian: Леони́д Константи́нович Артамо́нов; 25 February 1859 – 1 January 1932) was a Russian military engineer, adviser and general, geographer and traveler, explorer of Africa, writer, veteran of the First World War and the Russo-Japanese War.

[2] In 1897, he was a member of the Russian diplomatic mission to Ethiopia, where he became a military adviser of Negus Menelik II.

He was eventually discharged and returned to Russia, where he enlisted in the Russian Army around the outbreak of the First World War.

He described in detail the democratic experiments of Menelik II in the traditional patriarchal public dialog of the Ethiopian monarchy with its own people, similar to the later speeches of U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

He was the leader of group of military analysts and editor of their collected analyses on the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902.