[4] During the inter-war years, Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru was most successful as a social and educational pressure group rather than as a political party.

[7] Welsh nationalism was ignited in 1936 when the UK government settled on establishing a Royal Air Force training camp at Penyberth on the Llŷn peninsula in Gwynedd.

[8] The UK government settled on Llŷn as the site for its new bombing school after similar locations Northumberland and Dorset were met with protests.

[9] However, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin refused to hear the case against building the "bombing school" in Wales, despite a deputation representing half a million Welsh protesters.

[9] Protest against the bombing school was summed up by Lewis when he wrote that the UK government was intent upon turning one of the "essential homes of Welsh culture, idiom, and literature" into a place for promoting a "barbaric" method of warfare.

The "Three" were sentenced to nine months imprisonment in Wormwood Scrubs, and on their release they were greeted as heroes by fifteen thousand Welsh at the Pavilion Caernarfon.

[8] Dafydd Glyn Jones wrote of the fire that it was "the first time in five centuries that Wales struck back at England with a measure of violence... To the Welsh people, who had long ceased to believe that they had it in them, it was a profound shock.

"[11] However, most party members who claimed conscientious objection status did so in the context of their moral and religious beliefs, rather than on political policy.

Whilst he was Baptist pastor at Llandudno, he translated a selection of Psalms called Detholiad o'r Salmau, which was published by Gwasg Ilston in 1936.