Lex Julia de repetundis

The first permanent court (Latin: quaestio perpetua) in Rome was established by the lex Calpurnia in 149 specifically to try extortion cases.

During that year he had, with the support of his allies in what is misleadingly termed in modern times the First Triumvirate,[3] pursued an aggressive and controversial reform programme.

[4] Caesar, who had come to political blows repeatedly with Marcus Porcius Cato and allies thereof during his consular year, found their support for the anti-extortion bill.

[5] Most of the evidence of the lex Julia is preserved by commentaries of Roman jurists; its provisions were still in force as late as the Justinianic Digest.

[7] During the republican period, claims repetundae (extortion) were brought before a quaestio perpetua, one of the permanent jury courts in Rome, by private prosecution.

[9] By the imperial period, process under the lex Julia was largely by cognitio extra ordinem with sentences imposed starting at exile.

The Tusculum portrait , the only known depiction of Caesar produced during his lifetime
Tribonian was a Byzantine jurist, depicted here in a modern bas relief located in the United States Capitol . He supervised the collation and editing of the Justinianic Corpus Juris Civilis which saw the preservation of fragments of the lex Julia . [ 6 ]