Liège

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Liège proper, Rocourt, and Wandre.

Around 705, Saint Lambert of Maastricht is credited with completing the Christianization of the region, indicating that up to the early 8th century the religious practices of antiquity had survived in some form.

To enshrine St. Lambert's relics, his successor, Hubertus (later to become St. Hubert), built a basilica near the bishop's residence which became the true nucleus of the city.

The first prince-bishop, Notger, transformed the city into a major intellectual and ecclesiastical centre, which maintained its cultural importance during the Middle Ages.

Pope Clement VI recruited several musicians from Liège to perform in the Papal court at Avignon, thereby sanctioning the practice of polyphony in the religious realm.

During this medieval period, three women from the Liège region made significant contributions to Christian spirituality: Elizabeth of Spalbeek, Christina the Astonishing, and Marie of Oignies.

[12] In 1345, the citizens of Liège rebelled against Prince-Bishop Engelbert III de la Marck, their ruler at the time, and defeated him in battle near the city.

In 1468 Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy, witnessed by King Louis XI of France, captured and largely destroyed the city after a bitter siege which was ended with a successful surprise attack.

Beginning with the ascension of Ernest of Bavaria in 1581, Bavarian princes ruled over Cologne, Münster, and other bishoprics in the northwest of the Holy Roman Empire in addition to Liège.

[citation needed] In 1636, during the Thirty Years' War, the city was besieged by Imperial forces under Johann von Werth from April to July.

Dutch rule lasted only until 1830, when the Belgian Revolution led to the establishment of an independent, Catholic and neutral Belgium which incorporated Liège.

Liège's fortifications were redesigned by Henri Alexis Brialmont in the 1880s and a chain of twelve forts was constructed around the city to provide defence in depth.

This presented a major obstacle to the Imperial German Army in 1914, whose Schlieffen Plan relied on being able to quickly pass through the Meuse valley and the Ardennes en route to France.

[17][18] Due to faulty planning of the protection of the underground defence tunnels beneath the main citadel, one direct artillery hit caused a huge explosion, which eventually led to the surrender of the Belgian forces.

The Belgian resistance was shorter than had been intended, but the twelve days of delay caused by the siege nonetheless contributed to the eventual failure of the German invasion of France.

As part of Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg's Septemberprogramm, Berlin planned to annexe Liege under the name Lüttich to the German Empire in any post-war peace agreement.

In July 1950, André Renard, leader of the Liègian FGTB launched the General strike against Leopold III of Belgium and "seized control over the city of Liège".

The unrest was so intense that "army troops had to wade through caltrops, trees, concrete blocks, car and crane wrecks to advance.

Many suspected that the assassination was related to a corruption scandal which swept the Socialist Party, and the Belgian Federal Government in general, after Cools' death.

Liège has shown some signs of economic recovery in recent years with the opening up of borders within the European Union, surging steel prices, and improved administration.

[24] In spite of its inland position Liège has a maritime climate influenced by the mildening sea winds originating from the Gulf Stream, travelling over Belgium's interior.

As a result, Liège has very mild winters for its latitude and inland position, especially compared to areas in the Russian Far East and the fellow Francophone province of Quebec.

It is one of the biggest folkloric displays in the city, with a religious procession, a flea market, dances, concerts, and a series of popular games.

Many people come to see the procession but also to drink alcohol (mostly peket) and beer, eat cooked pears, boûkètes or sausages or simply enjoy the atmosphere until the early hours.

The city has a number of football teams, most notably Standard Liège, which has won several championships and which was previously owned by Roland Duchâtelet; and R.F.C.

The race starts in the centre of Liège, before heading south to Bastogne and returning north to finish in the industrial suburb of Ans.

Liège has an important group of headquarters dedicated to high-technology, such as Techspace Aero, which manufactures pieces for the Airbus A380 or the rocket Ariane 5.

Other stand-out sectors include Amós which manufactures optical components for telescopes and Drytec, which produces compressed air dryers.

A science park south east of the city, near the University of Liège campus, houses spin-offs and high technology businesses.

The overseer, Monsieur Goffin, led the men to the point in Martin Wery which he judged closest to Mamonster and they commence to dig.

Liège in 1650
Liège in 1627
Quai de la Goffe
Inauguration of the statue of Charlemagne, 26 July 1868
1944: Soldiers of the US Army 4185th Quartermaster Service Company loading a Red Ball Express truck at Liège.
Panorama of the city of Liège. Photo taken from the heights of the Citadel (left bank of the Meuse).
Traditional Liègian puppets
Liège, the Sunday "Batte" market
Pont de Fragnée
Liège at night, photography taken from the ISS in December 2012 [ 47 ]
Passenger terminal of Liège Airport
Statue of Charlemagne in the centre of Liège