While the ideology of FLB was unclear during its very early years, the group's overarching goal was Breton independence, considering their cause a part of the greater struggle of Celtic and European nations.

The organization positioned itself as a fierce opponent of French unitary administration and affirmed that it would not exist in the first place "if the Bretons had the status that the English colonists gave to the Quebecois: autonomous government, elected assembly, compulsory teaching of the national language.

The ARB called for armed struggle against the "French occupation of Brittany", though initially the group lacked a precise doctrine and had its members operate autonomously.

This was changed by the publication of FLB's manifesto in late 1968, which called for the right of Bretons to own local means of production and argued that Brittany is a colony suffering under the foreign domination of France.

The FLB wrote: "... We are in a typical colonial situation, where a handful of foreign capitalist entrepreneurs, represented by the French State, exploit and transform at their leisure, and for their own interests, the natural and human wealth of an indigenous community, powerless and enslaved, that is to say almost destroyed.

The FLB then steadily moved towards a more radical direction, though in September 1969 a Maoist faction left the organisation to form FLB-2, which then dissolved shortly afterwards to join the Breton Communist Party.

While the declaration of the conference was very moderate and only called for extensive autonomy within France that would become "une fédération de peuples", the Breton delegation stated that the long-term goal is to go further, stating: "We believe that Europe is destined to form, sooner or later, an economic unity, and we see this transformation as the sole means of eliminating this universal calamity that is standing armies and wars.

Our preferred readings were The People’s War by Mao Zedong, The Rape of the Masses: The Psychology of Totalitarian Political Propaganda by Sergei Chakhotin, The Technique of Revolution by Malaparte.

[11] While sympathy for other separatist was common, and the FLB believed that its cause "was very connected to the international struggles in Paris, in relation with the Occitans and the Algerians", the organization did not share the vision of confoederal "Third Europe" of Yann Fouéré.

Both organisations likewise stated: "The fight against imperialism and colonialism in the Western European subcontinent calls for determined and fundamental opposition to the Common Market.

The national oppression and economic exploitation suffered by the Irish, Basque, and Breton people can do nothing in effect but worsen by the development of this vast and dangerous capitalist enterprise.

Factions in the FLB emerged in the early 1970s, leading to the creation of the militant Breton Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire bretonne, or ARB).

The FLB ensured that no physical injuries or deaths would result from their attacks, which they wished to remain purely symbolic; in this they followed the model of the earlier group Gwenn ha du, founded 1930.

Although created by young Bretons in the early 1960s, the FLB enjoyed popular support, evident during these arrests which revealed that members came from very diverse backgrounds: businessmen, housewives, students, farmers, and even clergy.

He died at 96 years old in 2023[18] after a 68-year career as a founding member, vice-president, and president of the Federal Union of European Nationalities and its representative at the Council of Europe and OSCE.