Liberian national transitional government

[1] The respective LNTG-I, LNTG-II and LNTG-III governments were differentiated by being led by three different chairpersons (David Kpomakpor, Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Ruth Perry).

Through participation in the provisional governance of LNTG the different warlords could gain access to state resources, even in situations when armed hostilities continued.

[7] The Cotonou Peace Accord assigned primary responsibility for implementation of the agreement to ECOMOG (ECOWAS peace-keeping force), with oversight from a UN observer missions.

[11] The Cotonous Peace Accord outlined that a Liberian National Transitional Government would be seated within 30 days of the signing of the agreement "concomitant with the commencement of the process of disarmament".

[7] Per the agreement the LNTG would consist of a 5-member Council of State (executive branch of government), a 35-member Transitional Legislative Assembly (with 13 members from NPFL, 13 from IGNU and 9 from ULIMO), a 5-member Supreme Court and a 7-member Elections Commission.

[1][3][8][12][6] The agreement outlined that IGNU and the National Patriotic Reconstruction Assembly Government (NPRAG) of the NPFL would be disbanded once the LNTG would be seated.

[1] Per the Cotonou Peace Accord the warring factions would name representatives to a five-member Council of State with a civilian chairperson and 2 vice chairs.

[2] On August 16, 1993, the Liberian factions, holding a meeting in Cotonou, elected Bismarck Kuyon (the erstwhile Interim Legislative Assembly speaker) of IGNU as the chairman of the Council of State.

[12][8][13] Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper (NPFL, the erstwhile NPRAG Education Minister) and Mohammed Sheriff (ULIMO) were elected the vice chairs of the Council of State.

[7] The Council of State chairman Kuyon would begin to distance himself from IGNU, moving towards a position of allowing installation of LNTG without the fulfillment of the preconditions of disarmament.

[7] In late February 1994 Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Moose visited Liberia, exterting pressure on warring factions to cooperate with ECOMOG.

The United States wanted the LNTG to the installed rapidly, and did not consider commencing disarmament as essential precondition for the seating the new transitional government.

[16] On March 3, 1994, Kromah declared Ziah removed from his role in the Council of State and ordered the disarmament of Krahn combattants within ULIMO ranks.

[3] After the installation of LNTG, ECOMOG forces began to deploy throughout the country – assisted by some 1,500 OAU troops from Tanzania and Uganda and 368 unarmed UN military observers.

[5] Taylor didn't allow NPFL representatives to assume LNTG government positions whilst negotiations over sharing of key posts continued.

[7] The trio formed the National Patriotic Front of Liberia – Central Revolutionary Council (NPFL-CRC), and called for cooperation with ECOMOG and speedy disarmament.

[7] The NPFL split and Taylor's isolation from the LNTG ministerial cabinet enabled his opponents to gain access to financial revenue from the control of the ship registry.

[3] On September 12, 1994, the Akosombo Agreement was signed by NPFL (Charles Taylor), ULIMO-K (Alhaji Kromah) and the AFL (Hezekiah Bowen).

[5] The agreement gave LNTG responsibility to restructure Liberian military with assistance from ECOMOG, UN and friendly governments, for the armed forces to include people from all warring factions.

[11] The Akosombo Agreement did not include NPFL-CRC, ULIMO-J, the Lofa Defense Force (LDF) or the Liberian Peace Council (LPC), in spite of the fact that these groups combined now controlled large swaths of territory in Liberia.

[20] Direct participation of faction leaders in the Council of State and LNTG role in supervising disarmament had been key demands of Taylor in the negotiations, and the Akosombo Agreement granted both of these provisions.

[3] The new Council of State was supposed to coordinate disarmament of factions and reorganize the armed forces together with ECOMOG, and prepare for national elections in November 1995.

Other presidents attending were Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo), Alpha Oumar Konaré (Mali), Henri Konan Bédié (Ivory Coast), Yahya Jammeh (The Gambia) and Valentine Strasser (Sierra Leone).

[8] A second round of talks in began in Abuja on August 17, 1995, chaired by Ghanaian Foreign Minister Obed Asamoah[8] On August 19, 1995, the Abuja I Accord was signed by Charles Taylor (NPFL), Kromah (ULIMO-K), Boley (LPC), Johnson (ULIMO-J), Bowen (AFL), Massquoi (LDF) and Woewiyu (NPFL-CRC), while Chea Cheapoo signed on behalf of LNC.

Four leaders signed as witnesses: Asomoah, Nigerian Foreign Minister Chief Tom Ikimi, OAU eminent person on Liberia Rev.

[6] On August 31, 1995, Charles Taylor and Alhaji Kromah arrived in Monrovia, to join the other Council of State members at the swearing-in ceremony of the new government.

[9] The LNTG-II cabinet effectively enabled warlords to access state resources from participating in government, while allowing them to maintain their own fiefdoms and continue to engage in irregular warfare with each other over territorial control.

[2] The Council of State chair Sankawulo was a respected Professor of Literature but had a weak role in the government as he lacked military capacity and popular support.

[2] In the new LNTG-II cabinet Roosevelt Johnson of ULIMO-J, Hezekiah Bowen of AFL, Tow Woewiyu and Sam Dokie of NPFL-CRC and Francois Massaquoi of LDF were named as government ministers, from the Coalition Forces quota.

[2] During LNTG-II (and the subsequent LNTG-III) period Charles Taylor and Alhaji Kromah at times had a cooperative relationship, thus weakening the influence of other factions.