Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property

Most left-libertarians oppose it whereas among right-libertarians and Libertarian parties there is more nuance, ranging from strong opposition to neutrality and support (particularly from those who are influenced by Ayn Rand's views).

Most left-libertarians, dating back to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (a libertarian socialist who is considered "the father of anarchism"), oppose intellectual property as part of their broad criticism of capitalism and anti-capitalism.

[1] Benjamin Tucker, a 19th-century American individualist anarchist opposing intellectual property, argued that "the patent monopoly consists in protecting inventors against competition for a period long enough to extort from the people a reward enormously in excess of the labor measure of their services, – in other words, in giving certain people a right of property for a term of years in laws and facts of Nature, and the power to exact tribute from others for the use of this natural wealth, which should be open to all.

"[2] Lysander Spooner, another 19th-century American individualist anarchist or left-libertarian who also influenced right-libertarians, argued for some forms of intellectual property,[3] while Henry George distinguished between patents and copyrights.

Murray Rothbard argued for allowing contractually arising infinite copyright terms and against the need for any government role in protecting intellectual property.

[6] Rothbard states that government's involvement in defining arbitrary limits on the duration and scope of intellectual property in order to "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts" is inherently problematic, saying: "By what standard do you judge that research expenditures are 'too much,' 'too little,' or just about enough?

[8] Opponents to intellectual property rights include Wendy McElroy,[9] Tom G. Palmer,[10] Henri Lepage, Boudewijn Bouckaert, Jeffrey Tucker, and Stephan Kinsella.

[3] Ayn Rand, the founder of Objectivism who herself was not a libertarian but who had a significant influence on Rothbard (prior to his department from her philosophical studies circle) and other right-libertarians, supported copyrights and patents.