[1] The basis of Wróblewski's book collection was a library inherited from his parents, his father Eustachy, who was a physician and entomolgist, and his mother Emilia, who was an educational activist.

By the time of Wróblewski's death in 1925, the library had grown to 80,000 books, 1,474 maps, 2,956 manuscripts, and 10,534 engravings, pictures and other works of art.

Other members included Ludwik Abramowicz (vice-chairman), Jan Piłsudski (treasurer), Helena Drège [Wikidata] (manager of the collection).

[4] Since 1924, Wróblewski had been in talks with the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education about transferring the library as an inviolable, indefinite deposit to the state.

After Tadeusz Wróblewski's death, the agreement to transfer the collection was signed by the Society's Committee on February 1, 1926.

[8] From 1 January 1932, the library received legal deposits from four voivodeships: Wilno (Vilnius), Białystok, Nowogródek, and Polesie.

It stated that the library was a public institution, available to everyone, and its purpose is to collect all materials primarily relating to the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius and the countries of Eastern Europe.

[11] An important part of the collection was the deposit of the Scientific and Research Institute of Eastern Europe [pl] comprising 73,397 works in 10,594 volumes.

[13] When Vilnius was captured by the Soviet Union in September 1939, many valuables from the library were looted and transported to Russia.

During the German occupation, the director of the Vilnius State Archive, Juozapas Stakauskas, managed to recover almost all the looted collections.

[23] Since 1974, the Library was the only one in Lithuania to receive between 30,000 and 60,000 rubles per year in transfer payments for the purchase of Western foreign literature.

[26] The library actively participates in digitization efforts, including the development and maintenance of the major national databases lituanistika.lt (academic studies) and epaveldas.lt (old publications).

[11] The library published several catalogues of its collections, including parchments (1980), autographs (1989), manuscripts (1994), old publications about Lithuania (2007).

These included historical archives of the Diocese of Vilnius, Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church (though most were lost during World War II), Karaite community in Lithuania.