Liburna

[1] A stone tablet (Stele di Novilara) discovered near ancient Pisaurum (now Pesaro) depicts a liburna in the midst of a naval battle.

However, during the late Roman Republic, it evolved into a bireme with two rows of oars, maintaining its superior speed, agility, and maneuverability compared to triremes.

Liburnae played a pivotal role in the Battle of Actium in Greece (31 BCE), cementing the ascent of Augustus as the unrivaled ruler of the Roman Empire.

"[citation needed] After adopting the liburna, the Romans made modifications to incorporate rams and missile protection, enhancing its suitability for naval use.

Over time, the cove's name evolved into Livorna and later Livorno—the name of a significant port city that emerged at the site long after the disappearance of this type of ship.

Battle between Liburnian and Picenian vessels depicted on the Novilara tablets (6th/5th century BCE).
Roman bireme warships, likely liburnae, from the Danube fleet during Trajan's Dacian Wars .