License
The requirement may also serve to keep the authorities informed on a type of activity, and to allow them to set conditions and limitations.
[2] A license under intellectual property commonly has several components beyond the grant itself, including a term, territory, renewal provisions, and other limitations deemed vital to the licensor.
For example, a license with a territory limited to "North America" (Mexico/United States/Canada) would not permit a licensee any protection from actions for use in Kyrgyzstan.
Business practices such as franchising, technology transfer, publication and character merchandising entirely depend on the licensing of intellectual property.
If a license is revocable at will by the licensor, courts will be unable to grant specific performance in favor of the licensee.
Typically, a license is associated with a unique code, that when approved grants the end user access to the software in question.
Under a typical end-user license agreement, the user may install the software on a limited number of computers.
The most common terms are, that a license is only applicable for a particular geographic region, just for a certain period of time or merely for a stage in the value chain.
A licensor may grant a permission to a licensee to copy and distribute copyrighted works such as "art" (e.g., Thomas Kinkade's painting Dawn in Los Gato) and characters (e.g., Mickey Mouse).
A licentiate is an academic degree that traditionally conferred the license to teach at a university or to practice a particular profession.
The term survived despite the fact that nowadays a doctorate is typically needed in order to teach at a university.
This typically involves obtaining a driver's license, which is granted based on an individual's ability to operate specific types of vehicles.
Licensing classifications differ by country but typically include categories for: For individuals traveling abroad, an International Driving Permit (IDP) can be obtained.
This is a translation of the individual's domestic driver's license and is required by some countries for foreigners to drive within their borders.
[17] The licence is the prisoner's agreement to maintain certain conditions, such as periodic reporting in to a probation officer and only living at an approved address, in exchange for their early release.
In particular, Katz and Shapiro (1986) have explored the optimal licensing strategy of a research lab selling to firms who are competitors on the product market.
For example, Bhattacharya, Glazer, and Sappington (1992) have taken into account that the firms acquiring licenses must make further investments in order to develop marketable products.
Libertarians and the anti-authoritarian left (anarcho-communists) view competing guilds and other voluntary communes as being more beneficial for disseminating the skills and education required to perform a specified career.
