Lidia Gueiler Tejada (28 August 1921 – 9 May 2011) was a Bolivian politician who served as the 56th president of Bolivia on an interim basis from 1979 to 1980.

She spent the next fifteen years out of the country, and joined Juan Lechín's Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left (PRIN).

The population resisted, however, led by a nationwide labor strike called by the powerful Central Obrera Boliviana ("COB") of Juan Lechín.

Before the winners could take their parliamentary seats, however, Gueiler herself was overthrown by the Bolivian Armed Forces in coup by her cousin, General Luis García Meza Tejada in 1980.

Later, she served her country mostly in the diplomatic sphere, having been appointed Bolivia's ambassador to first Colombia, then West Germany, and finally—after joining Jaime Paz's "Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria"—to Venezuela (1989).

[citation needed] In June 2009, Gueiler accepted the role of honorary president of the Human Rights Foundation in Bolivia.