The Gartenpalais was built during the reign of Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein, who had acquired a plot in the Rossau suburb.

[1] Artists Marcantonio Franceschini, Antonio Bellucci, Andrea Pozzo, and Johann Michael Rottmayr contributed to the décor in the palace.

The palace, designed as a mix of a city and country house in the Roman style, was completed in the early 1700s.

This was replaced between by the Alserbachpalais in 1875, designed by Heinrich von Ferstel for Countess Franziska, widow of Aloys II.

In November 2011, it was announced that regular museum operations in the palace would be discontinued in January 2012 due low visitor numbers.

Exhibited works of art would then be on display only during the Long Night of Museums, for registered groups, and during rented events.