The officeholder is elected on the same ticket as the governor of Maryland and must meet the same qualifications.

The current lieutenant governor is Aruna Miller, who took office on January 18, 2023.

The state's present constitution, adopted in 1867, abolished the lieutenant governorship.

A vacancy in the lieutenant governorship is filled by a person nominated by the governor and confirmed by a majority vote of the General Assembly voting in joint session.

Unionist (1) Democratic (7) Republican (2) Italics indicate next-in-line of succession for states and territories without a directly elected lieutenant governor or whose lieutenant governor office is vacant: