Non-planetary abiogenesis

They also suggest that an indication on the existence of such "nuclear life" could be observed deviations from predictions of models of stellar evolution, such as anomalies in luminosity.

[4] The concept of life forms living on the surface of neutron stars was proposed by radio astronomer Frank Drake in 1973.

Drake said that the atomic nuclei in neutron stars have large variety which might combine in supernuclei, analogous to the molecules that serve the base of life on Earth.

[6] In chapter "Stellar Graveyards, Nucleosynthesis, and Why We Exist" of The Stars of Heaven (2001) Clifford A. Pickover discusses various forms of abiological lifes.

He poses the question whether in the times of ultimate expansion of the Universe with extremely low density of matter some structures could exist that can support the life of the entities he calls the "Diffuse Ones".

In the latter discussion he extrapolates from the existence of life with no sunlight in the depths of Earth's ocean that draw energy from hydrogen sulphide.