The city of Lima began when Francisco Pizarro declared it at what is known in Christianity as the Epiphany.

The city of Callao has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it was the only port in all of the Viceroyalty of Peru (all of Spanish South America at the time) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the city has grown rapidly by migration from other regions of Peru.

Many of these migrants began to form new communities called pueblos jovenes and asentamientos humanos, literally young towns and human settlements.

Many of the communities, such as Comas, and Villa El Salvador have evolved into modern districts, where residents have found the better life they were searching for.

It is concentrated mainly in the coastal area and runs north–south along the Pacific coast for almost 200 km, beginning in the district of Ancón, on the border with the Huaral Province of the Lima region, and ending in the district of Pucusana, on the border with the Cañete Province, also in the Lima region.

Today, Lima and Callao have conurbanized to the point that only signs mark the borders.

Quality varies depending on the price, from luxury express buses to ill-maintained and crowded micros.

The Lima Metro Line 1 is being built by a consortium made up by two engineering and construction companies.

It is estimated that construction will be complete by December 2010, with remaining work the electrification of the line.

The first part of Line 1 must be completed in June 2011 and starts daily operations in July 2011.