Evidence of Indigenous occupation within Limeburners Creek National Park has been extrapolated through archaeological excavation of sites, revealing artefacts dating back 5000–6000 years ago.

[2] The local Aboriginal people are thought to have sourced their food from the land and sea, with shellfish, mussels and pipis found plentifully throughout the park.

[2][4] In 1971, the area was declared a nature reserve covering approximately 6,879 hectares, however, this area was expanded in 2010 when it became formally recognised as a national park encompassing a total of 9,123 hectares[2][1] Being situated on the coast, Limeburners Creek National Park consists predominantly of dunal and swampy land and sits for the most part, no more than 10 metres above sea level.

[6] Limeburners Creek National Park is part of the North Coast Bioregion and sustains several ecological communities which, according to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999, are considered to be critically endangered.

[8] The park also hosts a diverse array of threatened fauna and flora including the rare ground parrot, spotted quoll and koala, in addition to broad-leaved tea trees, swamp oaks and bangalow palms.

[10] Eucalyptus species are the dominant vegetation type found along the western fringe of Limeburners Creek National Park, being well-suited to the drier soils in this area.

[2] Another unique community within the park is that of the littoral rainforests which are found behind Queen's Head Beach as well as on the northern and southern slopes of Big Hill.

[2] Estuaries and islands in the park's southern region have also been identified as ecosystems that are critical in supporting populations of sea birds and water fowl.

The lace monitor is one of the more common reptile species found within the park, often wandering in the bushland surrounding campgrounds where they frequently feed on scraps discarded or left behind by negligent campers.

[12][2] The park also provides habitats for an assortment of endangered species, including the elusive eastern ground parrot, which shelters in forested wetlands and heathlands.

[2] As a result of human introduction, exotic plants and animals have intruded Limeburners Creek National Park and many have since developed into feral populations.

[17] In addition, NPWS NSW also control populations of introduced and feral animals in an effort to mitigate their impact on the existing native ecological communities.

[9] Records indicate that lantana was introduced to the Port Macquarie area in 1838 and it has since spread and propagated itself, now found in almost every environment in Limeburners Creek National Park.

This is because these feral animals threaten the vulnerable native populations of endemic fauna and pose a threat to public safety of visitors in the national park.

[2][9] These target species are managed by a combination of baiting and trapping operations which are overseen by NPWS NSW[2][9] It is understood that Australian biota has adapted to moderately high wildfire frequency which has previously been governed by Indigenous land management practices and natural phenomena, however, NPWS NSW have also recognised that the frequency of wildfires has increased dramatically since European occupation of the land.