[3] Natives friendly to the settlers resided in East Texas[4] before the Kiowa, Apache and Comanche intruded upon their territory.

From 1843 onward, the Tawakoni were part of treaties made by both the Republic of Texas and the United States.

Arguably the most infamous Indian depredation in Texas took place in Limestone County on May 19, 1836, when an odd alliance of Comanche, Kiowa, Caddo, and Wichita approached Fort Parker surreptitiously under a flag of peace.

Among this group of settlers were Silas M. Parker, Moses Herrin, Elisha Anglin, Luther T. M. Plummer, David Faulkenberry, Joshua Hadley, and Samuel Frost.

Fort Parker, near the Navasota River in what is now central Limestone County, was the earliest actual settlement in the vicinity.

[21] Limestone County voted 525–9 in favor of secession from the Union, and sent its men to fight for the Confederate States of America.

The school provided a type of dormitory for the students, and sent many graduates out to teach in rural Texas.

Oil and gas were discovered[30] in Mexia[31] between 1913 and 1920, creating jobs and a population boom - from just 3,482 people to 35,000 in 1922.

The Work Projects Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps helped ease the county economy during the Great Depression.

The Civilian Conservation Corps built Fort Parker State Recreation Area.

Limestone's Democratic dominance was shown by its Civil War history, in which it voted for secession by 98% and raised multiple companies to fight for the Confederacy.

This Democratic dominance continued well into the 20th century, where Limestone County only voted for five Republicans at any level, all during national and statewide landslides.

[45] School districts include:[47] The entire county is in the service area of Navarro College, according to the Texas Education Code.