This theory originated with William Hogarth (18th-century English painter, satirist, and writer), and is an essential part of Hogarth's theory of aesthetics as described in his 1753 book The Analysis of Beauty.
In contrast to grand compositional lines, which are regularly found in Baroque or Rococo art, the serpentine line is not primarily dictating the whole composition of a canvas.
Instead, the line should be understood as being found in specific subject matter, like the human figure.
A composition is created by employing various kinds of lines in various relations to each other without destroying its simplicity.
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