List of Armenian monarchs

The list also includes prominent vassal princes and lords who ruled during times without an Armenian kingdom, as well as later claimants to the position.

[14] Upon the death of Arshak III in 389, Emperor Theodosius I chose to not appoint another king, ending the western kingdom.

This office was created in an attempt to legitimize a local vassal leader with Byzantine backing and counteract Sasanian efforts in the region.

[17] The earliest known presiding prince of Armenia is Mjej II Gnuni, appointed by the Byzantines in the early seventh century.

The Abbasid caliphs were prominent supporters of the Bagratuni princes gaining power over other Armenian nobles due to fears of Byzantine influence in the region.

[19] The Bagratid kingdom and its capital of Ani was conquered by the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos in 1045.

[19] Senekerim-Hovhannes, the last king of Vaspurakan, surrendered his crown to the Byzantine Empire in 1021 under pressure from incursions by the Seljuk Turks and resettled with his family in Cappadocia.

The kingdom was fully conquered by around 1145, though it is possible that some members of the Kiurikian dynasty retained control of fortresses and settlements in the region thereafter.

[23] In the decades following the Battle of Manzikert (1071), one of the Turkmen[24] vassal dynasties of the Seljuk Turks gained control of Ahlat, in the former Armenian heartland.

Ahlat was thereafter ruled by a series of slave emirs;[24] Seyfeddin Bektimur 1185–1193, Bedreddin Aksungur 1193–1198, Sücaeddin Kutlug 1198, Melukülmansur Muhammed 1198–1207, and Izzeddin Balaban 1207.

While the Rubenid rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the First Crusade saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under Leo I by the Holy Roman Empire in 1198.

[36] For centuries thereafter, the heads of the family maintained the style "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".

Coin of Tigranes V ( r. 6–12 )
Statue of Tiridates I ( r. 54–58, 61/66–75/88)
Modern depiction of Tiridates III ( r. 298–330 )
20th-century artwork of Vahan I Mamikonian , autonomous marzbān 485–505/510
Modern imaginary portrait of Ashot V Bagratuni , who served as the last presiding prince of Armenia 856–884 and later reigned as King of Armenia (as Ashot I) 884–890
Statue of Ashot II ( r. 914–928 )
Kiurike I of Tashir-Dzoraget (left, r. 982–989 ) and Smbat II of Armenia (right, r. 977–989)
Coin of Qara Iskander , the last Shah-i Armen ( r. 1420–1437 )
19th-century depiction of Leo I ( r. 1198–1219 )
Coin depicting Isabella ( r. 1219–1252 ) and Hethum I (r. 1226–1269)
Bust of Leo V , the last King of Armenia ( r. 1374–1375 )
The House of Savoy claimed the titular style "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" for centuries. It was in use as late as the 20th century, for instance by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (pictured). [ 37 ]