In addition to formal demonyms, many nicknames are used for residents of the different settlements and regions of the United Kingdom.
For example, natives and residents of Liverpool are formally referred to as Liverpudlians, but are most commonly referred to as Scousers (after their local dish).
Some, but not all, of these nicknames may be derogatory -especially those exchanged by post-industrial towns too close to each other.
Involved demonyms tend to attract offensive parodies, for example "Bumholian" for "Dundonian" (an inhabitant of Dundee).
Owing to the oral nature of the tradition, much of it (but not all) lower-class, citations are haphazard.