List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population

The data for 1851 to 1976 is drawn primarily from Historical Statistics of Canada, 2nd edition.

[3] With the exception of Nunavut prior to 1996, the population figures largely reflect modern provincial boundaries; prior to 1996, the population of modern Nunavut is reported with Northwest Territories.

[4] Shaded blocks indicate periods before the province or territory joined the Canadian Confederation.

Instances where the reported figure came from a different year's population count (primarily pre-1861 and for Newfoundland) are noted.

Estimates from The Canada Year Book (1867) based on various provincial census records.