List of indigenous peoples of Brazil

This is a sortable listing of peoples, associated languages, Indigenous locations, and population estimates with dates.

The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (Portuguese: povos indígenas no Brasil) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups, who have inhabited the country prior to the European.

At the time of first European contact, some of the Indigenous peoples were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, and arboriculture.

Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement.

Most of the Indigenous population died due to European diseases and warfare, declining from an estimated pre-Columbian high of millions to some 300,000 in 1997, grouped into some 200 tribes.