List of presidents of Brazil
The 15 November 1889 military coup began as an attempt to overthrow the Empire's prime minister, Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto, but the unprecedented coup against a prime minister appointed by the emperor and who enjoyed the confidence of the elected Chamber of Deputies quickly escalated to the abolition of the monarchy.
In accordance with those transitional provisions, Congress elected the then head of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca, as the first president of the republic.
In 1894, Peixoto was succeeded by Prudente de Morais, the first president of Brazil to be elected by direct popular ballot.
In 1930, when Brazil was suffering the effects of the Wall Street crash of 1929, a revolution broke out in the country and the Old Republic ended.
This practice was broken when the leaders of São Paulo and president Washington Luís nominated their fellow Paulista Júlio Prestes as candidate for the presidential elections in 1930.
In response, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba formed the "Liberal Alliance" backing opposition candidate Getúlio Vargas.
When Prestes won the March 1930 Presidential election, the Alliance denounced his victory as fraudulent, while Vargas's running mate, João Pessoa, was assassinated in July.
Quadros, who, before his election, rose meteorically in politics with an anti-corruption stance, unexpectedly resigned the presidency seven months later.
It is possible that both occurred: Quadros was drunk when he resigned, and in that state, he devised the plan to return to power by Congressional request.
Amid the political crisis, the solution was the adoption by Congress of a Constitutional Amendment abolishing the presidential executive and replacing it with a parliamentary system of government.
[31] Despite initial pledges to the contrary, the military regime enacted in 1967 a new, restrictive Constitution, and stifled freedom of speech and political opposition.
The dictatorship reached the height of its popularity in the 1970s with the so-called "Brazilian Miracle", even as the regime censored all media, and tortured and exiled dissidents.
João Figueiredo became president in March 1979; in the same year he passed the Amnesty Law for political crimes committed for and against the regime.
While combating the "hardliners" inside the government and supporting a re-democratization policy, Figueiredo could not control the crumbling economy, chronic inflation and concurrent fall of other military dictatorships in South America.
Amid massive popular demonstrations in the streets of the main cities of the country, the first free elections in 20 years were held for the national legislature in 1982.
PDS[ah] In the early 1980s, the military government started a process of gradual redemocratization, called abertura, the final goal of which was democracy.
This time, however, the military placed the Electoral College under no coercion, so that its members would be free to select the president of their choice.
After the 1982 elections, the ruling party, PDS (the successor of the ARENA), still controlled a majority of the seats in the National Congress.
In the last months of the military regime, a large section of ARENA members defected from the party, and now professed to be men of democratic inclinations.
So, to seal this arrangement, the spot of vice-president in Tancredo Neves' ticket was given to José Sarney, who represented the former supporters of the regime that had now joined the Democratic Alliance.
Andreazza's defeat (by 493 votes to 350) and the selection of Maluf as the PDS's presidential candidate greatly contributed to the split in the party that led to the formation of the Liberal Front.
Although elected President of Brazil, Tancredo Neves became gravely ill on the eve of his inauguration and died without ever taking office.
In 2015, she began her second term, but in 2016 the Senate of Brazil convicted her on impeachment charges, and she was removed from office, being succeeded by Michel Temer.
1998 2006 2014 Unaffiliated PL[an] Minas Gerais: 9 (Afonso Pena, Venceslau Brás, Delfim Moreira, Artur Bernardes, Carlos Luz, Juscelino Kubitschek, Pedro Aleixo, Tancredo Neves, Dilma Rousseff) São Paulo: 7 (Prudente de Morais, Campos Sales, Rodrigues Alves, Júlio Prestes, Ranieri Mazzilli, Michel Temer, Jair Bolsonaro) Rio Grande do Sul: 6 (Hermes da Fonseca, Getúlio Vargas, João Goulart, Artur da Costa e Silva, Emílio Garrastazu Médici, Ernesto Geisel) Rio de Janeiro: 5 (Nilo Peçanha, Washington Luís, João Figueiredo, Fernando Collor de Mello, Fernando Henrique Cardoso) Alagoas: 2 (Deodoro da Fonseca, Floriano Peixoto) Ceará: 2 (José Linhares, Castelo Branco) Bahia: 1 (Itamar Franco[50][51]) Mato Grosso: 1 (Eurico Gaspar Dutra) Mato Grosso do Sul: 1 (Jânio Quadros) Maranhão: 1 (José Sarney) Paraíba: 1 (Epitácio Pessoa) Pernambuco: 1 (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Rio Grande do Norte: 1 (Café Filho) Santa Catarina: 1 (Nereu Ramos) General Biographies Other resources
