Representing the Virginia Military Institute, the Keydets compete in the Southern Conference of the NCAA Division I. VMI competed in the SoCon for 79 years from 1924 to 2002, and moved to the Big South in 2003, but returned to the SoCon beginning in the 2014–2015 academic year.
Though VMI played their first intercollegiate football game in 1873 against Washington and Lee University, the first official team was fielded in 1891 under coach Walter H. Taylor III.
VMI captured their first of seven conference titles in 1951 under head coach Tom Nugent with a 5–0 mark in SoCon play and a 7–3 record overall.
The Keydets won 4 additional Southern Conference championships in a six-year span between 1957 and 1962 under the direction of John McKenna, who, to this day, is the all-time coaching wins leader at the Institute.
In 2020, VMI earned their first trip to the FCS playoffs since the subdivision's inception in 1978 after winning the Southern Conference championship.