On 10 April 1864, Archduke Maximilian, the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, accepted the imperial crown offered to him by Mexico.

During the Federal State dictatorship under Kurt Schuschnigg, there was only an embassy without an ambassador; with the "Anschluss" by Nazi Germany on 13 March 1938, the representation became obsolete.

Mexico was then the only state in the world to officially condemn the annexation of Austria before the League of Nations; in 1956, Vienna named its Mexikoplatz in gratitude for this.

From the 1950s onwards, the ambassador to Mexico was also accredited to Cuba and the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama).

In addition to the embassy, ​​there are four consular representations (honorary consulates) of Austria in Mexico: Cancún, Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Tijuana.