On 3 April 1992, the Swedish government decided to establish diplomatic relations with Kazakhstan.

The agreement came into effect on 7 April 1992, when it was signed in Alma-Ata by Ambassador Örjan Berner [sv] on behalf of Sweden and Tulentaj Suleimenov on behalf of Kazakhstan.

From 2004 onward, a Swedish ambassador based in Stockholm was accredited to Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries.

On 9 September 2010, the Swedish government decided to open an embassy in Astana later that autumn.

The embassy was established as a "mini-embassy," with a chargé d'affaires sharing facilities with staff from Norway and Finland.