The death, resignation, bankruptcy or expulsion of a sitting councillor can cause a by-election to occur.
A noted case occurred in 1960 when a vacancy triggered a by-election which had a turnout of only 7.7% of voters, prompting Mayor Frank Kitts to label the light turnout a "deplorable state of affairs" as "...there were responsible and worthwhile citizens who were prepared to devote their time and money in service to the people".
[3] Two mayors first entered the Council via by-elections; John Luke (in 1905) and Celia Wade-Brown (in 1994).
[4] Since 1986 municipal elections in Wellington have been held via a Wards system of local electoral districts.
[5] The following is a list of by-elections held to fill vacancies on the Wellington City Council: Key