Economists estimate that Pakistan has been part of the wealthiest region of the world throughout the first millennium CE having the largest economy by GDP.
This advantage was lost in the 18th century as other regions edged forward such as China and Western Europe.
[5] However, after decades of social instability, as of 2013[update], serious deficiencies in macromanagement and unbalanced macroeconomics in basic services such as train transportation and electrical energy generation had developed.
[7][8][9] The diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's urban centres coexist with less developed areas in other parts of the country particularly in Balochistan.
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country.