At least four of the schools began operations before Kansas was admitted into the union (January 29, 1861).
The earliest on record to close was Blue Mont Central College in 1863.
Critics accused the second school of attempting to use the history of the first to give a perception of value and credibility on the second.
Several of the schools maintained active athletic programs during their time of operation.
Utopia did not grant "degrees" but operated as a "college" for an extended period of time.