List of endemic birds of Borneo

During glacial periods, when water levels were lower, Borneo was linked with other islands on the shelf and with the Malay Peninsula in a large landmass known as Sundaland.

This allowed bird species to move freely throughout the region until the waters rose again as the glaciers melted.

Habitat destruction is a major threat to Borneo's endemic birds, as forests are lost to palm oil plantations and timber harvesting.

Borneo is an island located in southeast Asia, on the continental shelf at the southern edge of the South China Sea.

It lies south of the Philippines, west of Sulawesi, north of Java, and east of Peninsular Malaysia.

[1] While the lowlands are the most productive habitat in terms of the number of bird species found there, the mountains are the seat of Borneo's endemism.

Temperatures were cooler overall during glacial periods, so montane birds (those generally restricted to the slopes of mountains) could move lower and spread across larger areas.

During interglacial periods, they retreated to higher elevations and were separated again from other populations, including birds in the lowlands.

[6] In addition, the island holds two other endemic genera, both of which are also monotypic: Chlamydochaera (the fruithunter) and Haematortyx (the crimson-headed partridge).

The same studies showed that Oculocincta was embedded within the smaller white-eye genus Heleia, leading it to be moved as well.