Individuals who stake claims to monarchical titles but who are not part of former dynasties are not included.
Note that a country may have multiple houses with a claim to the defunct position.
Nepal's numerous small monarchies were collectively abolished by the federal government on 7 October 2008.
During the Italian unification, the monarchs of such agglomerated states lost their sovereignty and their titles became purely ceremonial.
The resultant throne of the Kingdom of Italy was held by the former king of Sardinia.