List of indigenous peoples of Brazil

The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (Portuguese: povos indígenas no Brasil) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups, who have inhabited the country prior to the European.

At the time of first European contact, some of the Indigenous peoples were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, and arboriculture.

Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement.

Most of the Indigenous population died due to European diseases and warfare, declining from an estimated pre-Columbian high of millions to some 300,000 in 1997, grouped into some 200 tribes.

With this addition Brazil has now surpassed New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted peoples.