Punk rock, and genres influenced by it, had used Nazi imagery for shock value, but those bands were usually not fascist.
This changed when Oi!, a genre of punk rock, became popular with white power skinheads.
The ambiguity of Nazi chic can make it difficult to identify a band's intentions, especially when the bands do not express a clear political message.
Academics usually identify these bands as neo-Nazi by analyzing their worldview.
[1] Neo-Nazi bands may break with white power music in that they maintain hardline Nazi beliefs.