Due to the electoral system used, a limited number of parties are successful in each parliamentary election.
None of these three parties have any seats in the Chamber of Deputies or the European Parliament.
The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) hold no seats in the Chamber or the Senate but do have one elected member of the European Parliament and have elected representatives at the regional level.
The only party to have had members elected to every Parliament since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia is ODS.
[1] Note: The sum of the total seats held by each party may not amount to the total seats as a whole in the Chamber, Senate, Regions, and/or European Parliament because of independent politicians (i.e. those not members of any political party) holding the remaining seats.