[2] The utility-scale electrical energy generation mix in 2023 was 77% petroleum-derived fuels, 6.8% solar, 6.8% wind, 3.7% geothermal, 3% biomass, 0.9% hydroelectric, and 1.9% other.
[1] Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of the Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption.
[3] Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,409 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2023.
The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S.
A Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.