List of monarchs of Aleppo
[7] Then Aleppo and its allies were attacked by the Hittite king Hattusili I starting c. 1650 BC (Middle chronology).
[9] According to Jesse Casana (2009):[10] Under Hattusili’s successor, Mursili I, the Hittites conquered much of Syria, including Halab, and invaded Mesopotamia where they sacked Babylon.
These incursions probably weakened the kingdom of Yamhad considerably but did not lead to full Hittite control of the region.
Instead, Hittite advances into northern Syria were countered by the Hurrian kingdom of Mittani to the east, as well as by the Egyptians to the south.
During the period between the writing of the Alalakh Level VII [1780-1680 BC] and Level IV texts, Halab seems to have become subservient to Mittani while still exerting control over the Amuq region.Parshatatar (Baratarna) of Mitanni (1510-1490 BC) conquered Aleppo and surrounding areas, and the city became part of that kingdom.
[13][14][15] After the end of the Hittites, Arameans tribes began to settle in the region,[16] Aleppo became part of the Syro-Hittite state of Palistin,[17] then its successor Bit Agusi centered at Arpad,[18] Afterwards, it was sequentially part of Assyria,[19] Chaldea,[20] Achaemenid Persia,[21] Macedonia,[22] Seleúkeia,[23] Armenia,[24] Roman,[25] Byzantine,[26] and Sasanid Persian,[27] empires, the Rashidun,[28] Umayyad,[29] and the Abbasid Caliphate.
[35] Guardian of Abu'l-Ma'ali Sharif In 1016, a rebellion broke out in the city and Fath al-Qal'i, custodian of the Citadel of Aleppo, opened the doors for the rebels causing Mansur to flee.
[36] The Mirdasids conquered Aleppo in 1024 and kept their autonomy through political maneuvers, allying themselves with the Byzantines at times and the Fatimid at others.
In 1030, Nasr deposed Thimal and ruled solely until killed by Anushtakin al-Dizbari, the Fatimid governor of Damascus.
[38] Formally, the Zengids were subordinate to the Seljuq Sultans of Iraq, firstly Mas'ud then Malik-Shah III followed by Muhammad II.
Nur al-Din retained the title of atabeg although he was completely independent as the Seljuq empire disintegrated after 1156,[39] and the sultans had to fight in Iraq to keep whats left of their authority.
Muhammad II was the last Sultan to hold any real authority, and he attacked Baghdad aided by Nur al-Din's brother Qutb ad-Din Mawdud.
The death of Nur al-Din caused chaos as al-Salih Ismail al-Malik, his son and successor was only eleven.
Saladin, formally a subordinate to Al-Salih but practically independent, marched on Syria entering Damascus in November 1174.
He besieged Aleppo, causing Al-Salih's cousin Ghazi II the Emir of Mosul to send his army which Saladin defeated at the battle of Tell al-Sultan, Saladin was proclaimed King of Egypt and Syria, the Caliph al-Mustadi conferred the Title of Sultan upon him.
[47] Jakam Reoccupied the City and was pardoned and reappointed by the sultan, in May 1406 he was replaced by another Na'ib leading him to revolt again.
