In most cases, the association, especially when formalised by local government, is known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).
Alkmaar[1] Almelo[2] Almere[3][4][5] Alphen aan den Rijn[6] Ameland[7] Amersfoort terminated all its twinnings.
[8] Barendrecht[14] Beek[15] Beemster[16] Bergen op Zoom[17] Beuningen[18] Beverwijk[19] Borne[20] Breda[21][22][23] Brielle[24] Brunssum[25] Buren[26] Coevorden[27] De Bilt[28] De Fryske Marren[29] Delft[30][31][32] Delfzijl[33] Den Helder[34] Deventer[35][36][37] Doetinchem[38] Dordrecht[39] Duiven[40] Eindhoven Emmen[47] Enschede[48] Etten-Leur[50] Gennep[51] Goirle[52] Gooise Meren[53] Gorinchem[54] Gouda[55] Groningen[56] Haaksbergen[57] Haaren[58] Haaren – Esch is a member of the Charter of European Rural Communities, a town twinning association across the European Union, along with:[59] Haarlem[60] Haarlemmermeer[61] Hattem[62] Heemstede[63] Heerhugowaard[64][65] Hellendoorn[66] Helmond[67][68] Hengelo[69] 's-Hertogenbosch[70] Hof van Twente[71] Hoogeveen[72] Hoorn[73][74] Hulst[75] IJsselstein[76] Kampen[77] Kapelle[78] Katwijk[79] Koggenland[80] Krimpen aan den IJssel[81][82] Landgraaf[83] Landsmeer[84] Leiden[85] Leidschendam-Voorburg[86] Leusden terminated all its twinnings.
[8] Lisse[87] Lopik[88] Maassluis[89] Maastricht[90] Meerssen is a member of the Douzelage, a town twinning association of towns across the European Union, alongside with:[91] Meppel[92] Middelburg[93] Mook en Middelaar[94] Nieuwegein[8] Nijkerk[95] Nijmegen[96] Nissewaard[99] Noordenveld[100] Oirschot[101] Oldenzaal[102] Opsterland[103] Renkum[104] Rijssen-Holten[105][106] Roermond[107][108] Rotterdam[109] Schiedam[110] Sliedrecht[111] Sittard-Geleen[112] Smallingerland[113] Soest[8] Stadskanaal[114] Tholen[115] Tilburg Uden[121] Utrecht terminated all its twinnings.
[8] Veenendaal[122] Venlo[123] Vijfheerenlanden[8] Vlaardingen[124] Vlissingen[125] Waalwijk[126] Wageningen[127] Westerveld[128] Westerwolde[129] Wijchen[130] Woerden[8] Zaanstad[131][132][133] Zeist[134] Zevenaar[135] Zundert[136] Zutphen terminated all its twinnings.