Listed buildings in Carlisle

Also during the 12th century and later, the fortifications, including the city walls and the castle, were strengthened to defend against raids from the Scots.

The city began to grow from the middle of the 18th century, stimulated by the building of the turnpikes towards Newcastle upon Tyne and London in the 1750s, followed by a canal and later the railway.

It grew as an ecclesiastical and commercial centre and the cotton industry developed in the city.

Fine houses were built, many in Georgian style, initially mainly around the city centre, and later in the growing suburbs.

The other listed buildings include a variety of structures, including churches, inns, public houses and hotels, a bridge and a viaduct, a former brewery, former cotton mills, railway stations, banks, statues, memorials, cemetery buildings, a hospital, a disused gasholder, a pillbox, and a market.