Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution the area was largely rural and agricultural, and some of the agricultural buildings were grouped into settlements known as folds.
Industry came in the form of textiles, both wool and cotton, and it was initially carried out in domestic premises, and many of the listed buildings of this time are houses, often with three storeys and rows of multi-light mullioned weavers' workshop windows on the upper floors.
The Rochdale Canal passes through the town, and some of the bridges and locks associated with it are listed.
The Co-operative movement originated in the town, and its first shop, now a museum, is listed.
The other listed buildings include churches and items in churchyards, public houses, banks, a market cross, textile mills, the entrance to the cemetery, a school, public buildings, statues, bridges, and war memorials.