However, due to historical immigration, there are also surnames of African, Arabic, German, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish origin.
It is also unclear whether Chileans living abroad were counted, although it is probable that those that were born in Chile were included, as they were registered at birth.
Source: National Civil Registry (2010)[3] All surnames are of Indian (of both the Hindu and Muslim faiths) or English origin.
The list of most common surnames in Paraguay, reflected in the national voters register, shows the influence of Castilian Spanish in the Paraguayan society.
Eight of the top 11 surnames end with "ez", the distinctive suffix of Castilian family names.