Literary magazine

[1] Nouvelles de la république des lettres is regarded as the first literary magazine; it was established by Pierre Bayle in France in 1684.

In Great Britain, critics Francis Jeffrey, Henry Brougham and Sydney Smith founded the Edinburgh Review in 1802.

[5] By the end of the century, literary magazines had become an important feature of intellectual life in many parts of the world.

Another was The Bellman, which began publishing in 1906 and ended in 1919, was edited by William Crowell Edgar and was based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Some short fiction writers, such as Steve Almond, Jacob M. Appel and Stephen Dixon have built national reputations in the United States primarily through publication in literary magazines.

[citation needed] The Committee of Small Magazine Editors and Publishers (COSMEP) was founded by Richard Morris in 1968.

This made it possible for poets to pick and choose the publications most amenable to their work and the vitality of these independent publishers was recognized by the larger community, including the National Endowment for the Arts, which created a committee to distribute support money for this burgeoning group of publishers called the Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines (CCLM).

There are thousands of other online literary publications and it is difficult to judge the quality and overall impact of this relatively new publishing medium.

Typically they had small readership, were financially uncertain or non-commercial, were irregularly published and showcased artistic innovation.