The Communist Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos komunistų partija; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Литвы, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Litvy) is a banned communist party in Lithuania.

The party was established in early October 1918 and operated clandestinely until it was legalized in 1940 after the Soviet invasion and occupation.

Although the party was illegal, some of its members took part in the 1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election under title "Workers Groups".

By the time of the formation of the Lithuanian SSR, the Communist Party of Lithuania (LKP) was headed by Antanas Sniečkus.

By 1990, the main body of the CPL reorganized as the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, which in turn by 2001 merged with Social Democratic Party of Lithuania under the latter's name; but with leadership dominated by ex-communists.