The First Congress of Lithuanian Women held in 1907 called for the establishment of the union, but it was not accomplished due to conflicts between Catholic clergy and socialists.
After contentious debates between Catholic clergy and socialists, the congress elected a 10-member committee to organize the union.
[2] The committee included Gabrielė Petkevičaitė as chair, Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė and Marija Pečkauskaitė as vice-chairs, Ona Pleirytė-Puidienė [lt] and Marija Putvinskaitė-Žmuidzinavičienė [lt] as secretaries, Celina Leonienė and Kotryna Norkytė as treasurers, and Joana Griniuvienė, Elena Vaitkevičienė, and Teklė Augustinavičiūtė as members of the revision sub-committee.
Several other women, including Felicija Bortkevičienė and Julija Žymantienė, were selected as candidates in case of any resignations.
[7] The meeting resolved to unite women regardless of their profession or social status and foster Lithuanian traditions and Catholic morals.
[7] The union established its own column Moters gyvenimas (Life of a Woman) in Lietuvos žinios which regularly published news about its activities.
[9] The union became less active after the December 1926 coup d'état that brought President Antanas Smetona to power.
Ona Mašiotienė suggested to change the focus from political agitation to cultural work.