He studied law in Washington, D.C., was admitted to the bar in 1821, and returned to New Brunswick to begin his practice.
His grandfather John Bubenheim Bayard had been elected mayor of the city in 1790.
He was reinterred in Van Liew Cemetery, North Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1921.
His wife, Sophia, remained in the city of New Brunswick after Littleton's death.
When she died on March 6, 1871, at the age of 68, she named Rutgers College as her estate's residuary legatee.