[1] On 18 May 2022, after progressing through the Zhejiang FC youth ranks, he was named in the club's first-team squad for the 2022 Chinese Super League season.

[2] On 9 October 2022, he made his senior and professional debut, in a 3–0 away league win over Wuhan Yangtze River, coming on as a second-half injury-time substitute for Gu Bin.

[4][5] On 20 September 2023, Liu Haofan made his AFC Champions League debut, in a 4–1 loss to Thai club Buriram United, coming on for Leung Nok Hang in the 90th minute.

[4] Between June and September 2024, Liu Haofan gained more consistent playing time, making appearances in all matches in that period.

[11] On 28 February 2025, Liu Haofan earned his first call-up to the China national team, in preparation for two 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifier games against Saudi Arabia and Australia.