The historical parish seats were Van Buren (1832–1835), Springfield (1835–1872), Port Vincent (1872–1881), and Centerville, also known as Springville (1881–1941).

[9] At the 2000 United States census,[12] there were 91,814 people, 32,630 households, and 25,549 families residing in the parish.

On June 6, 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau published a report "Special Population Estimates for Impacted Counties in the Gulf Coast Area" which showed a population increase for Livingston Parish to 111,863 as of January 1, 2006.

[13] The 2019 American Community Survey estimated 138,928 people and 48,410 households lived in the parish, up from 128,026 at the 2010 United States census.

At the 2020 United States census, there were 142,282 people, 47,014 households, and 32,840 families residing in the parish.

Livingston Parish, according to the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, is dominated by the Southern Baptist Convention as its single largest religious group.

Southern Baptists numbered 30,815 and the Catholic Church was the parish's second largest religious group with 14,007 followed by non-denominational Protestants with 11,230 members.

At the end of 2014, the construction of a new Livingston Parish Courthouse was completed, with the ribbon-cutting scheduled for mid-February 2015.

The new facility contains over 100,000 square feet of governmental office space; it replaces an antiquated complex dating back more than seventy years.

For much of its history, Livingston Parish voted Democratic, being characteristic of the "Solid South".

It demonstrated Piney Woods voting behavior in 1928, where it was Herbert Hoover’s best parish in Louisiana, though he still lost it by about 3.5%.

Like other parishes in the Baton Rouge metropolitan area, Livingston remained loyal to Harry S. Truman in 1948 and to Adlai Stevenson II in 1956, when Louisiana's electoral votes went to Strom Thurmond and Dwight D. Eisenhower respectively.

Dixiecrat George Wallace carried the parish in 1968, and Richard Nixon in 1972 made it Republican for the second time.